Formula Guide

The Excel OR Function
explained simply

OR returns TRUE when at least one condition is true. Use it inside IF to trigger actions when any one of several criteria is met.

ExcelPro · 6 min read · Updated June 2026
Contents
  1. What does OR do?
  2. Syntax
  3. 5 real examples
  4. OR inside IF
  5. Combining AND and OR
  6. FAQ

What does OR do?

OR tests multiple conditions and returns TRUE if at least one of them is true. If every condition is FALSE, OR returns FALSE. Think of it as "any of these" logic — a row qualifies if it meets condition 1, OR condition 2, OR condition 3 — it only needs one.

OR is most commonly used inside IF formulas to broaden what qualifies for a result. Without OR, you would need nested IFs to check multiple possibilities. With OR, you test them all at once in a single clean formula.

Syntax

=OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)
ArgumentDescription
logical1 requiredThe first condition to test — evaluates to TRUE or FALSE.
[logical2] ... optionalAdditional conditions. At least one must be TRUE for OR to return TRUE. Up to 255 conditions.

5 real examples

Example 1
Check if a value is one of several options
=OR(A2="London", A2="Manchester", A2="Birmingham")

Returns TRUE if A2 is any one of the three cities. Much cleaner than =IF(A2="London",TRUE,IF(A2="Manchester",TRUE,FALSE)).

Example 2
Flag rows needing attention
=IF(OR(B2="Overdue", C2<0, D2="Cancelled"), "Review", "")

Flags a row if it is overdue, negative, OR cancelled — any one of the three triggers the flag.

Example 3
Bonus eligibility — either criterion qualifies
=IF(OR(B2>=90, C2="Top performer"), "Bonus", "Standard")
Example 4
OR in conditional formatting
=OR($A1="Overdue", $C1<0)

Use as a conditional formatting rule to highlight entire rows where any concerning condition exists.

Example 5
OR logic in SUMPRODUCT
=SUMPRODUCT(((A2:A100="North")+(A2:A100="South")>0)*C2:C100)

For multi-row OR logic in calculations, SUMPRODUCT with + achieves OR — a row contributes if either condition is true.

OR inside IF — the most common pattern

OR returns TRUE or FALSE, so it slots naturally into IF as the condition:

=IF(OR(condition1, condition2, ...), value_if_true, value_if_false)

This is far cleaner than nested IF chains when checking multiple possible values. The more conditions you need to check, the bigger the advantage of OR.

Combining AND and OR

You can nest AND inside OR or OR inside AND to create compound conditions:

Must be Active AND (Gold OR Platinum): =IF(AND(C2="Active", OR(B2="Gold", B2="Platinum")), "VIP", "Standard")

Read it as: "if the customer is Active and they are either Gold or Platinum, they are VIP."

FAQ

How many conditions can OR test?
Up to 255 conditions in a single OR formula.
What is the difference between OR and AND?
OR returns TRUE if ANY condition is true. AND returns TRUE only if ALL conditions are true. OR = "any of these". AND = "all of these".
Can OR check if a value is in a list?
Yes but it gets verbose beyond a few values. For longer lists use COUNTIF: =IF(COUNTIF(list,A2)>0,"In list","Not in list") — more scalable than OR with dozens of conditions.
Does OR work with text and numbers together?
Yes — each condition is evaluated independently. OR(A2>100, B2="Active") tests a numeric and a text condition at the same time.

Practise AND, OR and IF together

ExcelPro has logical function exercises in every track. Free to start.

Try logic exercises →

Related formulas

AND IF IFS IFERROR SUMPRODUCT COUNTIF